components/home.rs

Here’s an example of the Home component with additional state:

1. show_help is a bool that tracks whether or not help should be rendered or not
2. ticker is a counter that increments every AppTick.

This Home component also adds fields for input: Input, and stores a reference to action_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Action>

use std::{collections::HashMap, time::Duration};

use color_eyre::eyre::Result;
use crossterm::event::{KeyCode, KeyEvent};
use log::error;
use ratatui::{prelude::*, widgets::*};
use tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender;
use tracing::trace;
use tui_input::{backend::crossterm::EventHandler, Input};

use super::{Component, Frame};
use crate::{action::Action, config::key_event_to_string};

#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Mode {
  #[default]
  Normal,
  Insert,
  Processing,
}

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Home {
  pub show_help: bool,
  pub counter: usize,
  pub app_ticker: usize,
  pub render_ticker: usize,
  pub mode: Mode,
  pub input: Input,
  pub action_tx: Option<UnboundedSender<Action>>,
  pub keymap: HashMap<KeyEvent, Action>,
  pub text: Vec<String>,
  pub last_events: Vec<KeyEvent>,
}

impl Home {
  pub fn new() -> Self {
    Self::default()
  }

  pub fn keymap(mut self, keymap: HashMap<KeyEvent, Action>) -> Self {
    self.keymap = keymap;
    self
  }

  pub fn tick(&mut self) {
    log::info!("Tick");
    self.app_ticker = self.app_ticker.saturating_add(1);
    self.last_events.drain(..);
  }

  pub fn render_tick(&mut self) {
    log::debug!("Render Tick");
    self.render_ticker = self.render_ticker.saturating_add(1);
  }

  pub fn add(&mut self, s: String) {
    self.text.push(s)
  }

  pub fn schedule_increment(&mut self, i: usize) {
    let tx = self.action_tx.clone().unwrap();
    tokio::spawn(async move {
      tx.send(Action::EnterProcessing).unwrap();
      tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
      tx.send(Action::Increment(i)).unwrap();
      tx.send(Action::ExitProcessing).unwrap();
    });
  }

  pub fn schedule_decrement(&mut self, i: usize) {
    let tx = self.action_tx.clone().unwrap();
    tokio::spawn(async move {
      tx.send(Action::EnterProcessing).unwrap();
      tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
      tx.send(Action::Decrement(i)).unwrap();
      tx.send(Action::ExitProcessing).unwrap();
    });
  }

  pub fn increment(&mut self, i: usize) {
    self.counter = self.counter.saturating_add(i);
  }

  pub fn decrement(&mut self, i: usize) {
    self.counter = self.counter.saturating_sub(i);
  }
}

impl Component for Home {
  fn register_action_handler(&mut self, tx: UnboundedSender<Action>) -> Result<()> {
    self.action_tx = Some(tx);
    Ok(())
  }

  fn handle_key_events(&mut self, key: KeyEvent) -> Result<Option<Action>> {
    self.last_events.push(key.clone());
    let action = match self.mode {
      Mode::Normal | Mode::Processing => return Ok(None),
      Mode::Insert => {
        match key.code {
          KeyCode::Esc => Action::EnterNormal,
          KeyCode::Enter => {
            if let Some(sender) = &self.action_tx {
              if let Err(e) = sender.send(Action::CompleteInput(self.input.value().to_string())) {
                error!("Failed to send action: {:?}", e);
              }
            }
            Action::EnterNormal
          },
          _ => {
            self.input.handle_event(&crossterm::event::Event::Key(key));
            Action::Update
          },
        }
      },
    };
    Ok(Some(action))
  }

  fn update(&mut self, action: Action) -> Result<Option<Action>> {
    match action {
      Action::Tick => self.tick(),
      Action::Render => self.render_tick(),
      Action::ToggleShowHelp => self.show_help = !self.show_help,
      Action::ScheduleIncrement => self.schedule_increment(1),
      Action::ScheduleDecrement => self.schedule_decrement(1),
      Action::Increment(i) => self.increment(i),
      Action::Decrement(i) => self.decrement(i),
      Action::CompleteInput(s) => self.add(s),
      Action::EnterNormal => {
        self.mode = Mode::Normal;
      },
      Action::EnterInsert => {
        self.mode = Mode::Insert;
      },
      Action::EnterProcessing => {
        self.mode = Mode::Processing;
      },
      Action::ExitProcessing => {
        // TODO: Make this go to previous mode instead
        self.mode = Mode::Normal;
      },
      _ => (),
    }
    Ok(None)
  }

  fn draw(&mut self, f: &mut Frame<'_>, rect: Rect) -> Result<()> {
    let rects = Layout::default().constraints([Constraint::Percentage(100), Constraint::Min(3)].as_ref()).split(rect);

    let mut text: Vec<Line> = self.text.clone().iter().map(|l| Line::from(l.clone())).collect();
    text.insert(0, "".into());
    text.insert(0, "Type into input and hit enter to display here".dim().into());
    text.insert(0, "".into());
    text.insert(0, format!("Render Ticker: {}", self.render_ticker).into());
    text.insert(0, format!("App Ticker: {}", self.app_ticker).into());
    text.insert(0, format!("Counter: {}", self.counter).into());
    text.insert(0, "".into());
    text.insert(
      0,
      Line::from(vec![
        "Press ".into(),
        Span::styled("j", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
        " or ".into(),
        Span::styled("k", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
        " to ".into(),
        Span::styled("increment", Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow)),
        " or ".into(),
        Span::styled("decrement", Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow)),
        ".".into(),
      ]),
    );
    text.insert(0, "".into());

    f.render_widget(
      Paragraph::new(text)
        .block(
          Block::default()
            .title("ratatui async template")
            .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .borders(Borders::ALL)
            .border_style(match self.mode {
              Mode::Processing => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
              _ => Style::default(),
            })
            .border_type(BorderType::Rounded),
        )
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Cyan))
        .alignment(Alignment::Center),
      rects[0],
    );
    let width = rects[1].width.max(3) - 3; // keep 2 for borders and 1 for cursor
    let scroll = self.input.visual_scroll(width as usize);
    let input = Paragraph::new(self.input.value())
      .style(match self.mode {
        Mode::Insert => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
        _ => Style::default(),
      })
      .scroll((0, scroll as u16))
      .block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title(Line::from(vec![
        Span::raw("Enter Input Mode "),
        Span::styled("(Press ", Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray)),
        Span::styled("/", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Gray)),
        Span::styled(" to start, ", Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray)),
        Span::styled("ESC", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Gray)),
        Span::styled(" to finish)", Style::default().fg(Color::DarkGray)),
      ])));
    f.render_widget(input, rects[1]);
    if self.mode == Mode::Insert {
      f.set_cursor((rects[1].x + 1 + self.input.cursor() as u16).min(rects[1].x + rects[1].width - 2), rects[1].y + 1)
    }

    if self.show_help {
      let rect = rect.inner(&Margin { horizontal: 4, vertical: 2 });
      f.render_widget(Clear, rect);
      let block = Block::default()
        .title(Line::from(vec![Span::styled("Key Bindings", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD))]))
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .border_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow));
      f.render_widget(block, rect);
      let rows = vec![
        Row::new(vec!["j", "Increment"]),
        Row::new(vec!["k", "Decrement"]),
        Row::new(vec!["/", "Enter Input"]),
        Row::new(vec!["ESC", "Exit Input"]),
        Row::new(vec!["Enter", "Submit Input"]),
        Row::new(vec!["q", "Quit"]),
        Row::new(vec!["?", "Open Help"]),
      ];
      let table = Table::new(rows)
        .header(Row::new(vec!["Key", "Action"]).bottom_margin(1).style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)))
        .widths(&[Constraint::Percentage(10), Constraint::Percentage(90)])
        .column_spacing(1);
      f.render_widget(table, rect.inner(&Margin { vertical: 4, horizontal: 2 }));
    };

    f.render_widget(
      Block::default()
        .title(
          ratatui::widgets::block::Title::from(format!(
            "{:?}",
            &self.last_events.iter().map(|k| key_event_to_string(k)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
          ))
          .alignment(Alignment::Right),
        )
        .title_style(Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
      Rect { x: rect.x + 1, y: rect.height.saturating_sub(1), width: rect.width.saturating_sub(2), height: 1 },
    );

    Ok(())
  }
}

The render function takes a Frame and draws a paragraph to display a counter as well as a text box input:

The Home component has a couple of methods increment and decrement that we saw earlier, but this time additional Actions are sent on the action_tx channel to track the start and end of the increment.

  pub fn schedule_increment(&mut self, i: usize) {
    let tx = self.action_tx.clone().unwrap();
    tokio::task::spawn(async move {
      tx.send(Action::EnterProcessing).unwrap();
      tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
      tx.send(Action::Increment(i)).unwrap();
      tx.send(Action::ExitProcessing).unwrap();
    });
  }

  pub fn schedule_decrement(&mut self, i: usize) {
    let tx = self.action_tx.clone().unwrap();
    tokio::task::spawn(async move {
      tx.send(Action::EnterProcessing).unwrap();
      tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
      tx.send(Action::Decrement(i)).unwrap();
      tx.send(Action::ExitProcessing).unwrap();
    });
  }

When a Action is sent on the action channel, it is received in the main thread in the app.run() loop which then calls the dispatch method with the appropriate action:

  fn dispatch(&mut self, action: Action) -> Option<Action> {
    match action {
      Action::Tick => self.tick(),
      Action::ToggleShowHelp => self.show_help = !self.show_help,
      Action::ScheduleIncrement=> self.schedule_increment(1),
      Action::ScheduleDecrement=> self.schedule_decrement(1),
      Action::Increment(i) => self.increment(i),
      Action::Decrement(i) => self.decrement(i),
      Action::EnterNormal => {
        self.mode = Mode::Normal;
      },
      Action::EnterInsert => {
        self.mode = Mode::Insert;
      },
      Action::EnterProcessing => {
        self.mode = Mode::Processing;
      },
      Action::ExitProcessing => {
        // TODO: Make this go to previous mode instead
        self.mode = Mode::Normal;
      },
      _ => (),
    }
    None
  }

This way, you can have Action affect multiple components by propagating the actions down all of them.

When the Mode is switched to Insert, all events are handled off the Input widget from the excellent tui-input crate.